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Okay, good evening. My name is Charles Kareem Diggs. I'm calling from Pennsylvania, uh, state prison, a Phoenix, and the title of my essay this evening is "How Long?"What did Dr. Martin Luther King mean when he said he could not wait any longer for change? In 1865, slavery was abolished; 13th amendment and the 14th amendment adopted; in 1868, conferred citizenship on African Americans; wiping out the stain of Dred Scott decision. The undemocratic system lasted until the 1960s; the African American population, regardless of popular belief, that slaves were freed as a result of the civil war and emancipation proclamation; is not totally accurate. The government instituted Jim Crow, laws, rules, and regulations—confined over 4 million Africans to terror, oppression, violence, and early death. Some historians said it was much worse than plantation slavery. The history is necessary before the American people can have an honest discussion of massive imprisonment of American blacks. Their energy that is being used t