Hvac School - For Techs, By Techs

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers a listener-submitted question about cultural diversity in the workplace, especially at an HVAC company. He addresses how we can deal with cultural and language differences in a field where communication is so important. Being open to different demographics of people is great for the industry, especially since we have an aging workforce and need good people in the trade. There are also plenty of opportunities in the trade. However, that doesn't automatically erase the challenges associated with hiring people who don't speak English fluently with English-speaking clients, especially when it comes to money conversations. (However, you can also increase your client base by being able to serve people who speak other languages.) Our operations can aid these people and help them integrate into the workplace by offering ESL classes as a workplace benefit, encouraging everyone to be clear and concise in their communication, embracing other forms of communication (li

In this informative episode of the HVAC School podcast, host Bryan Orr sits down with Tom Lorenz to talk about some of the Sensi thermostat features, particularly aux lockout and balance point. Tom leads the traditional and smart thermostat lines at Copeland and has over 25 years of experience in the industry. The discussion focuses on two key features of heat pump thermostats: auxiliary lockout and balance point. Tom explains that auxiliary lockout is crucial for energy efficiency, as auxiliary heat (whether electric or propane) is typically more expensive than heat pump operation. All Sensi thermostats now include this feature, which can use internet weather data or a physical outdoor sensor to determine when to engage auxiliary heat. Balance point settings are complex, and there's no one-size-fits-all approach. Factors like heat pump efficiency, home insulation, local climate, and energy costs all play a role in determining the ideal balance point. They emphasize the importance of contractors understanding

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers Howard's question about how to deploy a dehumidifier (dehum) in a sealed home. He addresses things like location and fresh air requirements in green-grass markets with high dew points.  Before deploying a dehumidifier, you will need to know about the climate, the structure, and the client's complaints, budget, and comfort goals. You need to make sure the HVAC system is properly installed; the most common obstacle to proper dehumidification is oversizing. HVAC systems need a cold coil to pull moisture out of the air, and we need adequate (but not too much) ventilation in the structure before deploying a dehumidifier. Common obstacles include leaky structures, venting exhaust air into the attic, and constantly running exhaust ventilation (like range hoods or bath fans). Bryan's preferred setup is to have a dedicated dehumidifier just for the sealed attic, though you can make the HVAC do this if you plan it out during the construction phase. If you bring in ou

In this episode of the Spidey Sense series, Bryan and Bert dive deep into the art of refrigerant leak detection, sharing their wealth of experience and practical tips for HVAC technicians. They emphasize the importance of using one's senses and observation skills before relying solely on electronic tools, highlighting how this "Spidey Sense" approach is a hallmark of senior-level expertise in the field. Visual and tactile cues, including warm suction lines, frosted components, and signs of oil, are vital. Different symptoms point to specific kinds of leaks and various scenarios, so you need to understand the behavior of the system.  Bryan and Bert also discuss the strategic application of soap bubbles, electronic leak detectors, and nitrogen for pressurization. Each method has limitations, and you'll need to know when to employ them for maximum effectiveness. When detecting leaks, consider recent home renovations or equipment vibrations that might contribute to leaks. Topics covered in the podcast include: V

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers Edward's question about how to deal with customers who ask, "Why didn't you notice it last time?" There isn't an easy answer to that question. The truth is that air conditioning and home health and comfort issues are complicated, and it's entirely possible that an issue simply went unnoticed (or the symptoms simply weren't apparent yet). The HVAC industry doesn't have a standard slate of tests that can give a comprehensive view of everything that's wrong with a system all at once. It's similar to how a doctor can offer a second opinion that differs from the first doctor you saw.  You have to determine whether the customer wants to place blame or solve the problem when they ask, "Why didn't you notice it last time?" Sometimes, we need to dig deeper to find the root of the problem. We can offer advanced diagnostics and be honest about what that will entail (including pricing), though it's natural for customers to be apprehensive about being sold options. Howe

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, host Bryan dives deep into the topic of vacuum in HVAC and refrigeration systems. He addresses two questions from social media about vacuum, expanding them into a comprehensive discussion of best practices, common issues, and techniques for effective vacuum procedures. Bryan starts by explaining where to ideally locate a vacuum pump when working on a refrigeration system. He emphasizes the importance of pulling from the largest volume locations possible, often at multi-position service valves on the compressor or wherever accessible ports are available. He notes that systems that have been in operation pose unique challenges due to refrigerant dissolved in the oil, which can significantly increase vacuum time. The podcast then covers the "one hose method" for pulling vacuum, detailing the process of using a single large hose connected to the suction side with the core removed, while placing the micron gauge on the liquid side. Bryan explains how this method can b

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers a question about drain traps and static pressure. This question was sent by Stephen with The Comfort Squad when he noticed an uptick in nuisance calls on retrofit systems that kept having their secondary drain pans filled. In negatively pressurized systems (i.e., straight-cool or heat pump units, not gas furnaces), air can pull water back into the drain line. The evaporator coil is under negative pressure because the blower is on top of the evaporator coil. The rule of thumb for trap depth is that it should be greater than or equal to twice the return static pressure (which is why a 1" deep trap is typical for systems with 0.5" return static pressure). However, return static can have some variation, and it's also not a great idea to use the TESP for this measurement because the return static could be greater than the supply. It makes most sense to account for the highest possible return static you will see. 1" is only sufficient if 0.5" return static pressu

In this informative episode, Bryan Orr speaks with Andre Patenaude from Copeland about CO2 refrigeration systems. They dive deep into the unique characteristics and challenges of working with CO2 as a refrigerant, providing valuable insights for HVAC and refrigeration professionals looking to expand their knowledge in this growing field. Andre explains the reasons behind the increasing adoption of CO2 systems, including regulatory pressures and environmental benefits. He details the peculiarities of CO2 refrigerant, such as its high triple point and lower critical point, which create unique operating conditions not seen in traditional refrigerants. The conversation covers the concept of transcritical operation and how it affects system design and efficiency. The discussion then shifts to the infrastructure of CO2 systems, focusing on the transcritical booster architecture commonly used in supermarket applications. Andre breaks down the components and operation of these systems, highlighting key differences fr

In this short Q&A podcast episode, Bryan answers Kenton's question about how to stop vents from condensating, especially when sealing and insulation don't do the trick. When approaching a condensation problem, we have to consider the source of moisture and where the condensation is happening. Moisture that builds up on top of the vent comes from attics with a high dew point. (It's not because hot meets cold! Relative humidity and dew point are a lot more important, though hot air is able to hold more moisture.) Warm, moist air with a high dew point hits a colder surface when there is improper sealing and insulation where the duct attaches to the boot. People often attempt to solve condensation issues by adding insulation, which actually has the opposite effect because it reduces the surface temperature; condensation worsens. Some people also increase attic ventilation, but that may cause pressure imbalances that drive moist air into the conditioned space.  The best way to control attic conditions is to se

In this episode, Bryan and Max discuss commercial supermarket startup and commissioning with comparisons to residential HVAC work. Max, who has transitioned from residential air conditioning to supermarket refrigeration, shares his insights on the unique challenges and requirements of this specialized field. The conversation begins by emphasizing the critical importance of safety in supermarket refrigeration work. Unlike residential jobs, technicians often work alone in potentially hazardous environments with high-voltage equipment and large quantities of refrigerant. Hearing protection is stressed as a crucial safety measure due to the extremely loud environments in motor rooms. Max then delves into the complexities of supermarket refrigeration systems, describing the various components involved, including parallel compressor racks, refrigerated cases, and multiple control systems. He highlights the need for adaptability and problem-solving skills, as technicians often encounter unique situations with limite

In this episode, Matthew Taylor joins the podcast to dive deep into the world of pressure-limiting valves and regulators used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. They explore the intricacies of Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP) expansion valves, Evaporator Pressure Regulators (EPR), and Crankcase Pressure Regulators (CPR), discussing their functions, applications, and differences. The conversation begins with an explanation of MOP expansion valves, which are commonly used in low-temperature refrigeration applications and air conditioning systems. Matthew describes how these valves work by using a vapor-charged thermal element to limit the suction pressure, protecting compressors from operating outside their designed range. They discuss the differences between liquid-filled, vapor-charged, and cross-charged valves, highlighting how each type affects system performance and superheat control. The discussion then shifts to larger systems and rack refrigeration, where Crankcase Pressure Regulators (

In this episode of the HVAC podcast, Bryan and Max Johnson from Kalos discuss the critical role of a startup and commissioning technician in the HVAC industry. Max, who has experience in both residential and commercial HVAC, shares his insights on the importance of understanding the scope of work, equipment specifications, and code requirements. One of the key responsibilities of a startup and commissioning technician is to prevent any costly issues that may arise during the installation process. This includes identifying and addressing potential problems with ductwork, refrigerant charge, electrical wiring, and airflow. A comprehensive checklist ensures that no crucial steps are overlooked, such as setting up communicating equipment properly, ensuring the correct accessories are installed, and verifying the drain system is functioning correctly. Proper electrical work is another critical aspect of the startup and commissioning process. Max highlights the importance of using the right connectors and wire size

In this short podcast of the Q&A series, Bryan answers a question about "stubborn old techs" (submitted by Luke via Speakpipe). In several cases, old-school techs are "being positional," which means they feel that they have a piece of turf to protect; they see challenges to the status quo as a threat. They may want to defend the way that they do and have always done things. Many of these people also have insecurities and have dealt with a lot of frustration and disrespect over the years, but they also have a lot to offer. Younger technicians can benefit from listening to these people and their experiences and showing empathy. Change is difficult, and "unlearning" or "unteaching" is an art. We can approach it by being open-minded and finding the truth behind the original thought that needs to be unlearned, not by being argumentative. Bryan applies these methods all the time when discussing practices like flowing nitrogen while brazing, which was indeed unnecessary when we used mineral oil but is necessary

In this episode, Josh Souders from Copeland joins the HVAC School Podcast to discuss modulating and variable capacity technologies in HVAC systems. Josh provides an in-depth look at the different levels of modulation available in residential HVAC equipment, from traditional fixed-speed systems to two-stage, multi-stage, and true variable-speed compressors. The conversation covers the benefits of modulating systems, including improved energy efficiency, better comfort, and enhanced humidity control. Josh explains how modulating technologies allow systems to more closely match the actual cooling or heating load of a building, reducing temperature swings and providing more consistent comfort. He also discusses how longer run times with modulating systems can improve dehumidification performance in humid climates. The interview delves into the technical details of how different modulating technologies work, from two-stage scroll compressors with solenoid valves to inverter-driven variable speed compressors. Josh

In this short podcast episode of the Q&A series, Bryan answers a question about testing dehumidifiers (submitted by Steven via Speakpipe).  Dehumidifiers run air over a cold evaporator coil (to pull moisture out of the air and drain it out) and then reheat it over a condenser coil. The air leaving a dehumidifier is of a higher sensible temperature than the air going in, but there are fewer overall grains of moisture. To see how well a dehumidifier is working, you will need to know the dehumidifier's rating and have the manufacturer's charts at your disposal. You'll also need to be mindful of barometric pressure and know the basics of using a psychrometric chart or app. You'll want to monitor the dew point delta (the difference between the dew point of the air going in and the air going out) to determine how well a dehumidifier is doing its job. Entering air conditions will heavily impact a dehumidifier's performance, and power consumption is another important measure of dehumidifier efficiency. To collect

In this episode, we dive deep into the world of residential HVAC installations and improving changeout outcomes with Matt, a senior technician and residential install supervisor at Kalos Services. Matt brings a wealth of experience from both the service and installation sides of the business, offering valuable insights into improving installation processes and workmanship. The conversation highlights the importance of thorough planning and communication in today's HVAC industry. With younger, less experienced technicians entering the field, there's a growing need for detailed instructions and oversight. Matt emphasizes the role of pre-installation videos, photos, and careful site assessments in preventing miscommunications and potential issues during installations. A significant portion of the discussion focuses on quality control and the impact of workmanship on customer satisfaction. Matt stresses the importance of post-installation photos for peer review, allowing for catching errors and improving overall

In this short podcast, Bryan talks about how to pay close attention to airflow issues and use your "spidey sense" when you're doing a visual inspection or commissioning a system. He also covers some causes of common airflow problems and some services and upgrades you can offer to your customers. The skill of being able to use your senses and notice when something isn't quite right is a valuable one, especially when you're getting ready to set the charge. Not every technician has access to the tools to do a comprehensive airflow assessment, but every tech can use their senses to determine when something is wrong with the system airflow. Keep an ear out for whistling or other strange noises, and watch out for cabinet shaking, which may indicate an airflow problem.  Airflow restrictions are also significant issues. Filter cleanliness (or lack thereof) and improper filter selection are very common causes of airflow issues, including high static pressure drop. Most filters should also not be doubled up (in series)

In this episode, Bryan and Bert dive deep into the world of low voltage wiring in HVAC systems. They discuss common mistakes, best practices, and troubleshooting techniques that technicians and contractors should be aware of when dealing with control wiring. The conversation begins with a focus on mechanical issues, such as running wires in places where they can be damaged and poor splicing techniques. Bryan and Bert emphasize the importance of proper wire stripping, both for the outer jacket of control cables and individual conductors. They share tips on how to avoid damaging wires during installation and stress the significance of planning wire placement, especially behind thermostats. The discussion then shifts to common miswiring issues, including incorrect terminal connections and misunderstandings about system configurations. They explore the challenges of wiring heat pumps, straight cool systems, and gas furnaces, highlighting the importance of understanding how different thermostats and equipment inte

In this short podcast from our Q&A series, Bryan answers a viewer question and implores you to STOP overthinking in the trade! He also shares a parable and some tips to help stop overthinking, especially if you're just starting out in the trade. In many cases, the simplest assumption is the right one (this is called Occam's Razor). We can always start with the most obvious or simplest possible answer. We can become mindful of our tools, such as by making sure our seals are intact, and we become masters of the obvious. Perfecting little things (and micro-tasks) can help you become more familiar with the tools you use and the equipment you work on, and you start to develop a bigger-picture understanding of your craft. Cleaning the equipment and organizing your tool bag goes a long way; you can unlock the ability to zoom out and spot mistakes that you otherwise wouldn't have thought of otherwise.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/h

In this podcast episode, Bryan and Dre discuss the challenges and opportunities of stewarding younger techs in the HVAC industry. They explore the growing interest among young people in trades like HVAC, noting a shift away from traditional four-year college paths. The conversation highlights the satisfaction that comes from working with one's hands and the tactile nature of the trade. The discussion delves into the attributes of younger workers, both positive and challenging. They also address the need to help young technicians understand the seriousness and responsibility of their roles, especially when transitioning from less demanding jobs. The podcast touches on the challenge of helping young workers prioritize their work and manage their time effectively, recognizing the natural tendencies of youth to be more focused on short-term feelings and experiences. While acknowledging the benefits of tech-savvy workers who can easily access information and use digital tools, they also discuss the need to manage